Design Comments

Design Office References

Low-Rise Residential Construction Details
To obtain AutoCAD files, please make your request using the Ask the Professor feature of the website.

This software enables one to analyze a cross-section to determine its compliance with the AISI Specification (AISI 5100).

Design Comments

Rule number one when designing cold formed steel bearing walls:
LINE UP THE WALLS.
It is critical that cold formed steel bearing walls align vertically.  If you are not able to vertically align the bearing walls then you should consider other framing systems.

Avoid welds in the field.

PAF and screw connections are typically preferred by cold formed steel contractors.  Be aware that these connectors have low allowable load capacities.

0.14” diameter is the preferred powder actuated fastener (PAF) size by most cold formed steel contractors.

Identify shear wall locations and indicate main frame lateral forces to be accommodated in the shear wall design.

Design the foundations at the shear wall anchorage.  Provide enough dead load to resist uplifting force at each end of the shear wall.

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Design Office References for Cold-Formed Steel

Cold-formed steel members for decades have been used as secondary members in both steel framed and concrete framed structures.  In recent years cold-formed steel members have also been assigned the task of providing the load bearing system for low- and mid-rise structures. With the increased use of cold-formed steel members and connections the need to provide more information for the design, fabrication and erection of cold-formed steel structures.

The development of this compendium is an effort of the Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures. 

General References:
“Resources for Steel Design”, Committee on Design of Steel Building Structures, ASCE Structural Engineering Institute, Modern Steel Construction, American Institute of Steel Construction, December, 2005.

Yu, W.W., Cold-Formed Steel Design, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2000.

North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2001 with 2004 Supplement.

North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, AISI S100-07, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C.,.2007

Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2002

Sputo, T. and Turner, J.L., Bracing Cold-Formed Steel Structures A Design Guide, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2006.

Proceedings of the International Specialty Conferences on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 1971, 1973,1975, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1988, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008.

Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, SEI/ASCE 7-05, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2006

International Building Code, International Code Council, Falls Church, VA, 2006.

Galambos, T.V., Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, 5th Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1998.

Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL

ASTM Specifications – Refer to Table 1.2 of Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2001

Structural Welding Code – Sheet Steel, AWS D1.3, American Welding Society, Miami, FL, 1998.

Direct Strength Method (DSM) Design Guide, CF06-1, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C. June, 2006.

Hancock, G.J., Murray, T.M. and Ellifritt, D.S., Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2001.

Light-Steel Framing:
Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – General Provision (2007), AISI S200-07, American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Product Data  (2007), AISI S201-07, American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Floor and Roof System Designs (2007), AISI S210-07,  American Iron and Steel Institute

, Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Wall Stud Design (2007), AISI S211-07, American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Header Design (2007), AISI S212-07, American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Lateral Design (2007), AISI S213-07, American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Truss Design (2007), AISI S214-07,  American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Code of Standard Practice (2005), American Iron and Steel Institute

Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing – Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings (2007), AISI S230-07 American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C.

Cold-Formed Steel Framing Design Guide, D110-07, (2007), American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C.

Steel Stud Brick Veneer Design Guide, CF03-1, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003

Design: Cold-Formed Load Bearing Steel Systems and Masonry Veneer/Steel Stud Walls, USACE 3-310, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2005

Product Technical Information, Steel Stud Manufacturers Association, Chicago, IL

International Residential Code, International Code Council, Falls Church, VA, 2006.

Durability of Cold-Formed Steel Framing Members, Steel Framing Alliance, 2004.

Thermal Design Guide, Steel Framing Alliance, 1995.

A Guide to Fire and Acoustic Data For Steel Floor, Wall and Roof Assemblies, Steel Framing Alliance, 2006.

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute (formerly Light Gauge Engineers Association), Washington, D.C. (the following are technical notes and other related design documents):

Fire-Rated Assemblies for Cold-Formed Steel Construction (TechNote 420)

Acoustic Insulation and Sound Transmission in Cold-Formed Steel Construction (TechNote 360)

Inspection Checklist for Structural Cold-Formed Steel Framing (TechNote 1010b)

Corrosion Protection for Cold-Formed Steel Framing in Coastal Areas (TechNote 140)

Fasteners and Connection Design:
Screw Fastener Selection for Light Steel Framing (TechNote 565c)

Pneumatically Driven Pins for Wood Based Panel Attachment (TechNote 561b)

Design Guide: Pneumatically Driven Pins for Wood-Based Panel Attachments (TechNote 561c)

Welding Cold-Formed Steel (TechNote 560-b1)

Clinched (Integral) Fastening of Cold-Formed Steel (TechNote 560c)

Fastener Corrosion (TechNote 560-b5)

Powder Actuated Fasteners in Cold-Formed Steel Construction (TechNote 562)

Design of By-Pass Slip Connectors in Cold-Formed Steel Construction (TechNote 544)

Screws for Attachment of Steel-To-Wood and Wood-Steel (TechNote 565d)

Shear Wall Design:
Design Values for Vertical and Horizontal Lateral Load Systems (TechNote 550)

Shear Transfer of Top Plate: Drag Strut Design (TechNote 556a-4)

Vertical Lateral Force Resisting Systems: Boundary Elements (TechNote 556a-6)

Lateral Load Resisting Elements: Diaphragm Design Values (TechNote 558b-1)

Diaphragm Design with Pneumatically Driven Pins (TechNote 561c)

Design Considerations for Flexural and Lateral-Torsional Bracing (TechNote 559)

Field Installation Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Roof Trusses

Design Guide for Construction Bracing of Cold-Formed Steel Trusses (TechNote 551d)

Design Guide for Permanent Bracing of Cold-Formed Steel Trusses (TechNote 551e)

Joist and Wall Design:
Introduction to Curtain Wall Design Using Cold-Formed Steel (TechNote 542)

Cold-Formed Steel Joists (TechNote 552)

Metal Buildings:
Metal Building Systems Manual, Metal Building Manufacturers Association, Cleveland, OH, 2006.

Newman, A., Metal Building Systems: Design and Specifications, Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 2003

A Design Guide for Standing Seam Roof Panels, CF00-1, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2000

A Guide for Designing with Standing Seam Roof Panels, CF97-1, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., 2003

Deck and Panels:
Diaphragm Design Manual, Third Edition, Steel Deck Institute, Fox River, IL, 2004.

Manual of Construction with Steel Deck, MOC2, Steel Deck Institute, Fox River, IL, 2006.

Roof Deck Construction Handbook, RDCH1, Steel Deck Institute, Fox River, IL.

Standard Practice Details, SPD2, Steel Deck Institute, Fox River, IL, 2001

Designing with Steel Form Deck, Steel Deck Institute, Fox River, IL, 2003

A Primer on Diaphragm Design, First Edition, Metal Construction Association, Glenview, IL, 2004.

Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 1991.

Standard Practice for the Construction and Inspection of Composite Slabs, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 1991.

Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks, Publication No. 30, Steel Deck Institute, 2001.

Fisher, J.W., West, M.A., and De Pas, J.P., Designing with Vulcraft Steel Joists, Joist Girders and Steel Deck, 2nd Edition, Nucor Corporation, Charlotte, NC, 2002

Ruddy, J.L., “Ponding of Concrete Floor Decks,” Engineering Journal, Third Quarter 1986, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.

Rack Structures:
Specification for the Design, Testing and Utilization of Industrial Steel Storage Racks, Rack Manufacturers Institute, 2005.

FEMA 460, Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Public, National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC, 2005.

Serviceability:
Steel Design Guide 3, Serviceability Design Considerations in Low-Rise Buildings,  2nd Edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, 2003.

Steel Design Guide 11, Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, 1997.

Stainless Steel Members:
Specification for Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Members, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2003.

Websites:
American Institute of Steel Construction, www.aisc.org
American Iron and Steel Institute, www.steel.org
Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute, www.cssbi.ca
American Society of Civil Engineers, www.asce.org
Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures, http://ccfssonline.org
Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute, www.cfsei.org
Metal Building Manufacturers Association, www.mbma.com
Rack Manufacturers Institute, www.mhia.org
Steel Deck Institute, www.sdi.org
Steel Framing Alliance, www.steelframing.org
Steel Stud Manufacturers Association, www.ssma.com
Structural Stability Research Council, http://stabilitycouncil.org

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